ORGANOCATALYSTS

 The development of metal-free organocatalysts has emerged as a new frontier in asymmetric catalysis

1 Since the pioneering disclosure by List and Barbas III
2 that L-proline is an effective catalyst in the intermolecular direct aldol reactions, the use of small organic molecules as catalysts has received great attentions. In recent years, L-proline and derivatives have been continuously developed for aldol and many other reactions.
3 The presence of both pyrrolidine ring and a substituent carrying at least one hydrogen bonding site are considered essential for the catalytic activities. Despite their conformity to the above rules, simple
prolinamides 1 were generally observed to be inefficient catalysts for asymmetric direct aldol reactions.
4 Recently, Tang and co-workers have demonstrated that introduction of additional hydrogen bonding sites to prolinamides as in 2 can dramatically improve their performance as catalysts in asymmetric aldol reactions.

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